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Aspect's Experiment


Location: São Paulo, Brazil
Date published: 2023-01-30
Date modified: 2023-01-30
Reading time: 00:01:04

Author: Patrizia Tomasi-Bensik

Aspect's Experiment

"If quantum mechanics hasn't profoundly shocked you,

you haven't understood it yet."

Niels Bohr

 

In 1929, Einstein finally severed all ties with quantum mechanics when Niels Bohr handed him a stinging defeat at the Solvay Conferences that year.  And although he acknowledged the loss, he did not give up the deconstruction of quantum mechanics.

In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen proposed a mental exercise in which two particles, A and B, interact briefly and then move in opposite directions. For the trio, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle would guarantee the failure of quantum mechanics, which states that the correlation between the results obtained in the measurement of one part of a quantum system immediately affects the measurements made in another part of the same system, regardless of the distance between those parts.

Einstein argued that it would be impossible for a distance relationship to exist between particles A and B, and sarcastically defined what would be a "ghost action at a distance".

In 1982, the French physicist Alain Aspect proved beyond doubt the violation of Bell's inequalities, which guaranteed the absence of hidden variables that could satisfy the fullness of quantum mechanics.

More simply, Aspect proved that the measurement of particle A is immediately recognized by particle B, putting an end to the pseudo-paradox of EPR and opening an exciting framework for quantum entanglement.

Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger deservedly received the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics.

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